Fig. 3. The route of the fi rst wave of archaic hominins from Africa to Eurasia.

The process of occupation of Eurasia by ancient populations was lengthy and difficult. New territories were gradually occupied by humans; changes in ecological conditions led to reverse migrations.  The earliest sites in the Near East – Erk-el-Akhmar with the Oldowan industry are dated to the period between 2 to 1.7 Ma BP (Ron, Levi, 2001) and the Evron site is dated to over 1.5 Ma BP (Ronen, 1999) (Fig. 3).